All the sea animals, like Surmai Fish, are an exciting group of animals that live in water and have a backbone. More than 33,000 kinds of fish live in almost every part of the world’s oceans, rivers, and lakes. These are the most extensive and diverse animals with a backbone on Earth.
In this article, we will begin with a journey to learn about the fascinating world of water and also explore the behaviour of fish in the environment. Finally, we will learn about how these are essential to humans and the health of our planet. Fish provide food for many people and play a crucial role in keeping our ecosystem balanced.

What is Surmai Fish?
The narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is a member of the Mackerel family, Scombridae, found across a vast area in Southeast Asia. It is a valued type and thrives in warm waters worldwide. Surmai Fish scientific name is Scomberomorus commerson.
Its range extends as far west as the east coast of Africa and includes the Middle East and the northern coastal regions of the Indian Ocean. It also reaches as far east as the South West Pacific Ocean.
Scientific Classification of Surmai / Seerfish or Vanjaram Fish
Here is the scientific classification of the Surmai fish along with its conservation status:
Domain | Eukaryota |
---|---|
Kingdom | Animalia |
Phylum | Chordata |
Class | Actinopterygii |
Order | Perciformes |
Family | Scombridae |
Genus | Scomberomorus |
Species | Scomberomorus commerson |
Conservation Status | Not Evaluated (NE) |
A near-threatened species has been classified as “Near Threatened” (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This classification indicates that the species is at risk of becoming endangered soon, but it does not currently meet the criteria for being classified as threatened.
Alternative Names
Here is a table listing the alternative names for the Spanish mackerel:
Alternative Names |
---|
Albacore |
Banded Tuna |
Doggie |
Giant Mackerel |
Kingfish |
Leaping Tuna |
Macko |
Narrow-banded Spanish-mackerel |
Narrow-bar |
Narrow-barred Mackerel |
Narrow-barred Spanish Mackerel |
Narrowedbarred Mackerel |
Narrowedbarred Spanish Mackerel |
Snook |
Spaniard |
Tanguigue |
Common Names
Here is a table for ease and shows the various common names for it. These names are used in various countries and regions of the world.
Country/Region | Name |
---|---|
Pakistan | Surmai سرمٸ |
South Africa | King mackerel, couta, cuda |
Malaysia | Tenggiri |
Australia | Narrow-bar, narrow-barred mackerel, snook, Spaniard, Spanish mackerel |
USA | Barred mackerel, narrow-barred mackerel, striped seer |
Arabic | Lebanon: Abu Sinn ابو سن, Ghazal غزال; Egypt: Dirak ديرك; Arab states of the Persian Gulf: Kanaad, Kanad, Kana’d كنعد (Chanaad) |
India | Telugu: Konem, Tamil: Vanjaram, Tulu: Anjal, Dhakhani Urdu: Shermiai, Marathi: Surmai, Malayalam: Neymeen, Aykoora |
Iran | Shir Mahi شیرماهی |
Israel | Palamida (פלמידה), Squmbren Zariz (סקומברן זריז) |
Philippines | Tanigue |
Indonesia | Ikan Tenggiri |
Sri Lanka | Sinhalese: Thora, Tamil: Vanjaram |
Somalia | Yuumbi |
Fiji | Walu |
Thailand | Plā Xinthrī ปลาอินทรี |
Libya | Yamaneyah يمنيه |
Taiwan | 土魠魚 (Thô͘-thoh-hî, Tǔtuōyú) |
Dutch | Koningsvis |
South China | Majia 馬加魚 |
Surmai Fish Types
Here is a table listing different types:
Type | Characteristics |
---|---|
Indo-Pacific king mackerel | Found in the Indo-West Pacific, with narrow bars |
Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel | Found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans |
Spotted Spanish mackerel | Found around northern Australia, with spots |
School mackerel | Found in Indian and western Pacific Oceans |
These are some common types, each with its distinctive characteristics and habitat.
Physical Appearance
Spanish Mackerels display vivid blue to dark grey hues along their backs and flanks, transitioning to a silvery blue-grey shade on their bellies. These fish are characterized by numerous narrow, vertical lines running down their sides. Spanish mackerel can reach lengths of about 200 cm and weigh up to 70 kg, making them the largest among all Australian mackerel species.
Etymology
The species is named in honour of the naturalist Philibert Commerçon. Lacepède described the species based on Commerson’s illustration and notes.
Distribution
The Spanish mackerel is found from Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia, through the tropical north, to Cape Otway, Victoria, including around Tasmania. It can also be found at Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea. The species is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific and has migrated to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal.
Oceanic and pelagic seas, particularly those around islands and rocky headlands, are home to Spanish mackerel. They often congregate in small groups.
Color
The Spanish mackerel is characterized by its dark bluish-grey to bluish-green coloration on the upper part of the body, with silvery grey sides and a whitish belly. It features 40-50 dark grey vertical bars on its sides, extending below the lateral line. The number of bars increases from around 20 in a 40 cm specimen to as many as 65 in a 150 cm specimen.
Sometimes, these bars break up into spots towards the lower part of the body. Juveniles of the species have a large black oval spot on the body and fewer than 20 bars. The first dorsal fin is black, except for the middle third of the fin.
Size
Characteristic | Measurement |
---|---|
Length at maturity | 75.2 cm, range 55 – 82 cm |
Max length | 240 cm FL (male/unsexed) |
Common length | 120 cm TL (male/unsexed) |
Max. published weight | 70.0 kg |
Max. reported age | 22 years |
Feeding Habitat
Spanish mackerel are aggressive, opportunistic carnivores. Like other members of their genus, they primarily feed on small fish, with smaller amounts of shrimp and squid in their diet.
Life Cycle
Spanish mackerel reproduce in oceanic conditions near reef edges. Their eggs contain a large oil droplet that helps them float at the water’s surface, where it is warmer and well-oxygenated, with plenty of plankton for the larvae to feed on after hatching.
During the larval stage, Spanish mackerel tend to stay in groups consisting only of their species and are usually not found with other species within the same genus, such as S. semifasciatus and S. queenslandicus. However, adult mackerel may occasionally mix with different species from the same genus.
Between July and December, spawning or nearly-spawning female fish make up a large portion of the fish collected in NT waters. When the water is warmer, Spanish mackerel spawn, which means there is more food available for the larvae to grow quickly.
During their early stages of development, while they are still larvae, these fish often inhabit inshore and estuarine areas rather than their offshore spawning grounds.
Studies in Australia indicate that females of this species tend to be larger than males. Female Spanish mackerel typically reach maturity at around two years of age or when they reach a length of about 80 cm.
Variety of Surmai in India
This Fish has different Names in the regional areas of India due to a variety of cultures and languages. It is known by different names all over India. Some names are listed below.
What is Surmai Fish Called in English?
If you want to know the English name for Surmai Fish, people call it Seer fish or King Mackerel. It is also known as Scomberomorus commerson in scientific terms. It is a type of fish that lives in warm and tropical water. Many people love it because it tastes delicious and has firm, white flesh. This Fish is often used in seafood dishes and is a popular choice.
Vanjiram Fish in Tamil
In Tamil, It is often called “வஞ்சிரம் மீன்” (Vanjiram Meen). Vanjiram Meen is a precious and desired fish in Tamil cuisine. Its delicious flavour and firm, white meat are well-known. People in Tamil Nadu love to use it in many traditional dishes, such as curry, fry and biryani.
People know the Vanjiram Meen fish for its smooth and shiny silver look. This fish is usually found in the warm waters near the coast of Tamil Nadu. People who love seafood in that area particularly enjoy eating this fish.
Surmai Fish In Bengali
In Bengali, people call Seerfish “সুরমাই মাছ” (Surmai Machh). Surmai Machh is a very popular type of seafood in Bengali cuisine. Its delicious taste and firm juicy flesh are well-known. Many traditional Bengalis use Surmai Machh as a special ingredient in dishes. For example, Macher Jhol is a fish curry that often includes Surmai Machh.
Surmai Fish In Odia
In Odia, this fish is often referred to as “ସୁରୁଆ ମାଛ” (Surua Machha). Surua Machha holds a significant place in Odia cuisine. People celebrate its scrumptious taste and versatile use in traditional dishes. It is a popular choice for preparing a wide range of Odia seafood delicacies. These include Macha Ghanta (fish curry) and Fish Bhaja (fried fish). There are also various spicy fish curries.
Surua Machha is recognisable by its sleek, silver body. Dark stripes adorn its back. It thrives in the coastal waters of Odisha. Seafood enthusiasts across the region cherish it.
King Fish In Telugu
In Telugu, people call Surmai fish “వఞ్జరం చేప” (Vanjaram Chepa). Vanjaram Chepa is an esteemed fish in Telugu cuisine. Traditional dishes celebrate it for its delectable taste and versatility. It is a popular choice for preparing a wide variety of Telugu seafood dishes. These include Vanjaram Pulusu, a spicy fish curry. There’s also Chepa Vepudu, fried fish. , there’s Chepa Iguru, fish curry with a thick, flavorful gravy.
Surmai Fish In Malayalam
The Malayalam name for Surmai fish is “ഞങ്ങാരച്ചാള” (Nangarachala). Malayali cuisine cherishes Nangarachala. It has an exquisite flavour and is versatile in various traditional dishes. It is a favoured choice for preparing a wide range of Kerala seafood delicacies.
King Mackerel In Kannada
The Kannada name for Surmai fish is “ವಾಂಜಿರಮ್ ಮೀನು” (Vanjiram Meenu). In Kannada cuisine, people esteem Vanjiram Meenu for its delectable taste. It is also valued for its versatility in traditional dishes.
It is a popular choice for preparing a wide range of Karnataka seafood delicacies. This includes Meen Kuzhambu, Meen Varuval, and Meen Pollichathu. Meen Kuzhambu is fish curry. They fry Meen Varuval. Meen Pollichathu is fish cooked with spices and wrapped in banana leaves.
Surmai Fish In Marathi
The Marathi name for Kingfish is “सुरमई मासा” (Surmai Maasa). In Marathi cuisine, people regard Surmai Maasa for its delectable taste. It is also valued for its versatility in traditional dishes. It is a preferred choice for preparing a wide range of dishes. These include Surmai Fry, Surmai Curry, and Surmai Tikhla.
Price In India
The price of Kingfish in India can vary. It depends on factors such as location, quality and demand in the local market. People consider Surmai a premium seafood item. It is more expensive than other fish varieties.
In Indian markets, Surmai can cost around ₹500 to ₹1,000 per kilogram (approximately $7 to $14). The price might be even higher. But, these prices can fluctuate. Factors like seasonality, regional availability, and market conditions can affect them.
Surmai Fish 1kg Price
The price of this fish in India could vary. It depends on the location, freshness, and market conditions. It costs about ₹800 to ₹1,200 per kilogram, or roughly $11 to $16 per kilogram, in many Indian markets. However, prices can fluctuate depending on season and region.
Kingfish or Surmai Fish Nutrition
Here’s a table that outlines the approximate Surmai fish calories. It is also known as Kingfish or King Mackerel. It lists the values per 100 grams of cooked fish.
Nutrient | Amount per 100g |
Calories | 205 kcal |
Protein | 21.5 grams |
Total Fat | 13.4 grams |
Saturated Fat | 2.8 grams |
Monounsaturated Fat | 5.4 grams |
Polyunsaturated Fat | 2.4 grams |
Omega-3 Fatty Acids | 500-1000 mg |
Cholesterol | 55 mg |
Sodium | 75 mg |
Potassium | 410 mg |
Vitamin A | 98 IU |
Vitamin D | 570 IU |
Vitamin B12 | 8.7 mcg |
Selenium | 40.5 mcg |
Niacin (Vitamin B3) | 5.9 mg |
Vitamin B6 | 0.3 mg |
Phosphorus | 204 mg |
Iron | 0.9 mg |
Magnesium | 74 mg |
Please note that these values are approximate and can vary due to several factors.
Is Surmai Fish Safe During Pregnancy?
Sometimes there are concerns about eating fish during pregnancy. Here is the proper guideline which tells about safety cautions about fish eating.

Considerations and Guidelines for Eating Fish in Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a time when dietary choices become particularly important. They not only affect the mother’s health but also impact the development of the growing fetus. This fish, also known as King Mackerel, is a seafood option. It requires special consideration during pregnancy due to its mercury content.
Nutritional Benefits of Surmai Fish
It is a rich source of several essential nutrients. It includes high-quality protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. These nutrients are beneficial for both the mother and the developing baby. Omega-3 fatty acid, for instance, supports brain and eye development in the fetus.
Is Surmai safe during pregnancy?
But, King fish can contain elevated levels of mercury. Like many other predatory fish, it is a concern. Mercury is a heavy metal. It can be harmful to the developing nervous system of the fetus when consumed in excess. Surmai fish mercury level is generally high due to bioaccumulation in their bodies. Doctors tell pregnant women to be cautious about including Surmai in their diet.
Guidelines for Safe Consumption
However, there are some safe guidelines which you can follow. This will help you trigger a safe pregnancy.
Limit Intake
Health experts recommend that pregnant women limit their consumption of high-mercury fish, including Surmai, to reduce the risk of mercury exposure.
Choose Low-Mercury Alternatives
Choose seafood options lower in mercury, like shrimp, salmon, and trout. This will meet your nutritional needs without the associated risks.
Consult Your Healthcare Provider
Always consult with your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian. They can help you create a balanced pregnancy diet plan. This plan should ensure adequate nutrient intake while minimizing mercury exposure.
Is Surmai Fish Good For Health?
This seafood choice offers a wide array of nutrients that promote well-being. Below are some Surmai fish benefits.
Rich in Protein
It is an excellent source of high-quality protein. It is a source for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Adequate protein intake supports muscle development and a strong immune system.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid
Does Surmai fish have omega 3? It is the question which is mostly asked by the people. One of the standout health benefits of Surmai fish is its high omega-3 fatty acid content. Omega-3s, EPA and DHA, have a reputation for promoting heart health. They help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. They do this by lowering levels of triglycerides. They improve cholesterol profile and maintain healthy blood pressure.
Vitamins and Minerals
Essential vitamins and minerals pack Surmai fish. These include vitamin D, vitamin B12, Selenium and Potassium. Vitamin D is vital for bone health and immune function. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve functioning and red blood cell production. Selenium is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage.
Weight Management
The protein content in Surmai fish can also help with weight management. It can make you feel full. It can support lean muscle mass, which can contribute to a healthy metabolism.
Brain and Cognitive Health
Surmai fish contains omega-3 fatty acids. This acid has a positive impact on brain health and cognitive function. DHA is a major structural component of brain tissue. It plays a vital role in cognitive development and maintenance. Regular consumption of Surmai may contribute to improved memory and cognitive performance.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Omega-3 fatty acid has anti-inflammatory properties. It can help reduce inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation links to chronic diseases. Its addition to diet may lower your risk of inflammation-related health problems.
It is a nutritional powerhouse, offering a plethora of health benefits. Surmai is a valuable addition to a well-rounded diet. It has rich protein. It also has heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids and essential vitamins and minerals.
Is Surmai Fish Boneless?
Surmai fish (Seer Fish or King Mackerel) contains bones. It is not boneless. The bones in Seerfish fish are large. They are easy to remove when filleting or preparing the fish for cooking. Many fish markets and seafood suppliers offer this fish. I have filleted and deboned the Fish. This makes it more convenient for cooking and consumption.
In summary, it has bones. However, it is available in filleted and deboned forms. This enhances convenience and safety for cooking and eating.
Difference Between Salmon Fish and Surmai Fish
Here’s the comparison between salmon and Surmai (king mackerel):
Aspect | Salmon | Surmai (King Mackerel) |
---|---|---|
Flavor | Rich, buttery | Pronounced, robust |
Texture | Tender, flaky | Firm, large flakes |
Color | Pink to orange | White to pinkish |
Nutrients | High in omega-3 fatty acids, protein, and other nutrients | Good source of protein and nutrients |
Cooking Methods | Grilled, baked, pan-seared | Fried, grilled |
Both salmon and surmai are nutritious and delicious, but they differ in flavor, texture, and cooking methods.
Difference between Surmai and Rawas
Here’s a comparison between Surmai (King Mackerel) and Rawas (Indian Salmon):
Aspect | Surmai (King Mackerel) | Rawas (Indian Salmon) |
---|---|---|
Flavor | Rich, pronounced | Mild, slightly sweet |
Texture | Firm, meaty | Tender, flaky |
Color | White to pinkish | Pink to orange |
Omega-3 Content | Moderate | High |
Cooking Methods | Frying, grilling, baking | Grilling, baking, pan-searing |
Availability | Common in coastal regions | Widely available |
Both Surmai and Rawas are popular fish in India, each with its distinct flavor, texture, and culinary uses.
Vanjaram and Surmai Fish Difference
Here’s a comparison between Vanjaram (Indian Seer Fish) and Surmai (King Mackerel):
Aspect | Vanjaram (Indian Seer Fish) | Surmai (King Mackerel) |
---|---|---|
Flavor | Mild, slightly sweet | Rich, pronounced |
Texture | Firm, meaty | Firm, meaty |
Color | White to pinkish | White to pinkish |
Omega-3 Content | Moderate | Moderate |
Cooking Methods | Grilling, frying, baking | Grilling, frying, baking |
Availability | Common in coastal regions of India | Common in coastal regions of India |
Both Vanjaram and Surmai are popular fish in India with firm textures and are suitable for various cooking methods. They have similar omega-3 content and are commonly found in coastal regions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What are other names of Surmai fish in India?
In India, people know this fish as “Kingfish” or “Seerfish.” It is a popular marine fish found in the Indian Ocean, including the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. People prize Surmai for its delicious taste and firm texture. This makes it a sought-after choice in Indian cuisine.
Is Surmai a good fish to eat?
Surmai, also known as Kingfish or Seer Fish, is a good fish to eat. People value it for its mild and sweet flavour, as well as its firm and meaty texture.
Are salmon and Surmai the same?
No, salmon and Surmai are different fish species and come from different regions of the world.
Are Surmai and Kingfish the same?
Yes, people refer to Surmai as Kingfish. “Kingfish” is a broad term for many fish species. In Indian fisheries and markets, it is often linked with Surmai.
How to identify Surmai fish?
Identifying Kingfish or Seerfish involves looking for certain physical characteristics. Here are some features that can help you identify Surmai:
1. Body Shape (Streamlined and Elongated body shape)
2. Coloration (The upper part is usually bluish-black or dark green, while the lower part is silver)
3. Fins (dorsal fin (on the back) is deeply notched, and the pectoral fins are large)
4. Teeth (sharp teeth)
5. Size (Average Size 2 to 3 feet in Length)
6. Location (Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea)
7. Fish Market Labels (Labelled as KingFish, Seerfish)
Is Surmai a freshwater fish?
No, Surmai, also known as Kingfish or Seerfish, is not a freshwater fish. Surmai is a marine fish found in the Indian Ocean, including the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.
Does Surmai Fish have Scales on it?
Yes, Surmai fish (Kingfish or Seer Fish) has scales. It is a type of fish with scales covering its body.
Can I eat Surmai fish during pregnancy?
Yes, you can take this fish in your diet. But note that it is very important to consult with Health Professionals before eating it.
Conclusion
King Mackerel is a culinary gem found in the warm coastal waters of various regions around the world. Surmai has a striking appearance, rich taste, and versatile cooking possibilities. It holds a special place in the hearts of seafood enthusiasts.
This fish is celebrated for its delightful flavour and exceptional nutritional profile. It’s a treasure trove of high-quality protein, rich in heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids, essential vitamins, and minerals. Surmai Fish has health benefits. It supports muscle development and immune function. It promotes heart health, cognitive well-being, and weight management.
In the comment section, please let us know your thoughts about Kingfish and what this fish is called in your region.
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